Short introduction Cryosurgery is a novel technique for treatment of cancer which has been approved by the United States' Food AND Drug Administration (FDA) in 1998 and China's SFDA in 1999. Fuda Cancer Hospital-Guangzhou has used the techn
In addition to sparing healthy tissue, cryosurgery is advantageous because it is not dose-limited can be repeated as necessary in order to destroy all cancerous tissue
In situations where the tumor is not removed after freezing, especially percutaneous cryosurgery, operative blood loss is small and post-surgical discomfort is minimized
Cryoprobes are relatively small (generally in the range of 24 mm in diameter) and therefore they may be used in minimally in-vasive surgical procedures
There are no major side effects which are commonly found in chemotherapy or radiotherapy
Cryosurgery is adaptable for treatment of tumor close to large vessel which cannot be removed by operation
Cryosurgery can treat small as well as large tumors, and solitary as well as multiple tumors
Cryosurgery per se aims at a local effect, namely, destruction in situ of neoplasms resistant to conventional treatments, but it also elicits an immunologic reaction (cryoimmunologic reaction) against cancer for eradication of residual or metastatic tumors
There is evidence that the recurrence rate of cancer after cryosurgery is lower than that of operation
Indication
Nearly all parenchymal cancers are prime candidates for cryoablation.
These malignancies include:
*Liver cancer
*Lung cancer(non-small cell lung cancer)
*Kidney cancer
*Ovarian cancer
*Pharyngeal cancer
*Testicular cancer
*Uterine tumors
*Vaginal cancer
*Pancreatic cancer
*Breast cancer
*Sarcoma and other benign or malignant lesions of bone
*Prostate cancer
*Skin cancer and melanoma
*Head and neck cancer
*Tumor of soft tissues
In addition, cryosurgery can be an effective treatment for the following:
* Retinoblastoma (a childhood cancer that affects the retina of the eye).
* Early-stage skin cancers (both basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas)
* Precancerous skin growths known as actinic keratosis.
* Pre-cancerous conditions of the cervix known as cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (abnormal cell changes in the cervix that can develop into cervical cancer).
Detailed explaination
HISTORY
THE MECHANISMS OF CROSURGERY
The effect of cooling
The effect of freezing
Thawing and warming
Thermal parameters specific to cryosurgery
PROCEDURE
MONITORING CRYOSURGERY
Local monitoring of cryosurger
Imaging monitored cryosurgery
